Mainline PlumbingMainline Plumbing
We are the trusted name in the plumbing industry
  • Home
  • Hot Water
  • Plumbing
  • Gas
  • Testimonials
  • About Us
    • Meet The Team
  • Blog
  • Contact
contact us
  • Facebook

5 Reasons Water Pipes Leak

Water pipe repair

Leaking water pipes in your South West home not only waste precious water, but can cause a nasty surprise when the water bill arrives. The cause of water pooling inside or outside the home often leaves homeowners puzzled. While some leaks are easy to identify, others can be concealed making the source of the leak difficult to detect.

If you have leaking water pipes it’s time to call the team from Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water and Gas. The Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water and Gas team have the experience and equipment to find the cause and source of leaking water pipes.

Read on to learn 5 common reasons water pipes leak including:

  • Age
  • Blocked drains
  • Tree Roots
  • Home Renovations
  • Foreign Objects

Age

As water pipes age, damage such as rust can occur. As water pipes continue to rust, small cracks will appear causing pipes to leak. If you live in an older home and your water pipes are leaking, it may be time to have them replaced.

Blocked Drains

While blocked drains are already a plumbing issue, they can cause an added plumbing problem of leaking water pipes. When drains are blocked, pressure in drainpipes increases which can eventually lead to water leaks.

Tree Roots

Worst root infestation

If your home is surrounded by large trees, their root system can cause a plumbing issue. Large trees deep root system continues to grow and spread over time, eventually making their way into underground water pipes. The result, damaged and leaking water pipes.

Home Renovations

It’s important to remember there are water pipes concealed within the walls of your home. When renovating, if you accidentally hit a water pipe the result will be leaking water. This can be a plumbing emergency and cause a big inconvenience to you and your household.

Foreign Objects

Foreign objects can become embedded in water pipes. Therefore, it’s important to ensure toilet paper is the only item flushed down toilets and that no food scraps, cooking oils, hair or debris is washed down drains in the kitchen and bathroom.

Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water can inspect and repair leaking water pipes throughout the South West

With over 35 years’ experience, Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water and Gas are your trusted and reliable professionals, servicing the Bunbury, Busselton, Dunsborough and surrounding areas.

Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water and Gas have the correct tools and equipment to detect water leaks, even those that lie deep underground. If you want to resolve your leaking water pipe issue, Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water and Gas are ‘the trusted name in the plumbing industry’.

Contact the team today in Bunbury on 9791 1608 or Busselton/Dunsborough on 9759 1317.

Why Do the Drains in My Home Smell?

Blocked drain

If you notice an unpleasant smell in your home it is often assumed the bins, fridge or toilet is the culprit, however a common cause can be drains. When the drains in your home smell unpleasant homeowners make every attempt to eliminate the smell including running water down the drain, drain cleaners and room deodorises.

What causes drains to smell and how can you eliminate the smell? Read on to learn 3 common causes below including:

  • Your drains are blocked
  • There is a problem with your pipes
  • Your toilet trap has an issue

Your drains are blocked

Blocked drains are one of the most common plumbing problems and a blocked drain can result in a bad smell. If a drain is blocked with food scraps, as time goes on these food scraps will go off resulting in a bad odour travelling through the drain and into your home. If a drain is blocked due to hair, whatever is washed down the drain will become stuck and build up where the hair blockage is. As this debris continues to build up an unpleasant smell will become present.

There is a problem with your pipes

Leaking, rusted or mouldy pipes can be the cause of bad smelling drains. A leak in a drainage pipe can cause unpleasant smells to enter your home. Why? As your drains connect to your sewer connection pipe. If you notice a metallic smell, corrosion in your pipes could be the culprit. Pipes make the ideal breeding ground for mould and mildew too. If you suspect your pipes have become mouldy it’s important to have them cleaned to protect yours and your families health.

Your toilet trap has an issue

Blocked drains

When looking behind your toilet you will notice a pipe with a bend in it. This is known as a plumbing trap. Water falls into this bended pipe and acts as a barrier to stop the smell of sewerage. If this trap has an issue, a noticeable unpleasant smell will be present in your toilet or bathroom. If you suspect there is an issue with your toilet trap, make having it repaired a priority to avoid exposure to sewerage gases.

Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water – the trusted name in the plumbing industry for all your plumbing needs in Bunbury and the South West

With over 35 years’ experience, Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water and Gas are your trusted and reliable professionals, servicing the Bunbury, Busselton, Dunsborough and surrounding areas.

The team are fully equipped to investigate and repair all aspects of plumbing plus hot water and gas. If you notice your drains are smelling unpleasant, call our team to have them professionally inspected and the cause of the issue repaired.

Contact the team today in Bunbury on 9791 1608 or Busselton and Dunsborough on 9759 1317.

Do I Need a Plumber When Renovating My Kitchen?

Kitchen

When it comes to renovating your kitchen, it is best to leave the plumbing work to a professional plumber. While it may be tempting to tackle the plumbing requirements yourself, hiring the services of a professional plumber protects yours and your families safety plus guarantees the job will be completed to the correct standards. If plumbing is not completed correctly, issues can arise in the future inconveniencing you and your family and often requiring costly, extensive repairs.

Read on to learn a few common plumbing requirements when renovating a kitchen including:

  • Ovens and Stoves
  • Dishwasher
  • Sinks
  • Tapware

Ovens and Stoves

When it comes to gas appliances, inside or outside the home, experienced and qualified gas plumbers are the only people who should be installing these. There are many strict rules and regulations that must be adhered to. In most cases if gas appliances aren’t installed by a professional it voids their manufactures warranty. 

Dishwasher

What’s a renovated kitchen without a dishwasher? When installing a dishwasher, correct plumbing and drainage is crucial. It is also important when pipes are newly installed, they are flushed so any debris is washed away. If not, debris can block the filter in your dishwasher and cut off the water supply.

Sinks

Kitchen sink

Most kitchens have one, if not multiple sinks. Depending on where it is placed, a sink may be able to be connected to an existing water line or a new water line may be needed. It is also imperative to consider correct waste disposal for what gets washed down sinks too. 

Tapware

Many kitchen renovations involve changing existing taps with new tapware. Using good quality fixtures and fittings, such as washers, highly recommended. The better quality the less likely taps will leak, saving water and money. When installing taps, it’s important to use the correct tools and equipment plus ensure the taps are connected to the water supply pipes correctly. 

Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water and Gas are your local plumbing professionals for your kitchen renovation needs

The Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water and Gas team of professional plumbers and qualified gas fitters have the correct tools, equipment and experience with all aspects of kitchen plumbing. They take pride in their work to ensure all plumbing is installed correctly.  The team offer fast, effective and honest workmanship and are known as the trusted name in the plumbing industry.

Call the team in Bunbury on 9791 1608 or Dunsborough on 9759 1317 today.

How to Maintain a Safe Gas Heater?

Heater functioning well

Winter has settled in through Bunbury and the South West with brisk mornings, cool days and chilly nights making us all trying to keep cosy and warm. There is no denying heating is a luxury many can’t do without during a South West winter. If your homes heating source is a gas heater it is imperative to ensure your families health and safety by following the recommended precautions.

While there are many ways to maintain and ensure your gas heater is safe read on to learn 5 tips including:

  • Have your gas heater serviced regularly by a licenced gas professional
  • Don’t ignore the smell of gas
  • Avoid hazards
  • Ensure adequate ventilation
  • Don’t use outdoor heaters indoors

Have your gas heater serviced regularly by a licenced gas professional

To ensure your gas heater is working safely, effectively and efficiently it should be only serviced by a licenced gas professional. Hazards and faults that may not be able to be identified and repaired by someone other than a trained professional can be dangerous and lead to bigger problems if left and not repaired.

Don’t ignore the smell of gas

As natural gas is odourless, a distinctive odour is added to warn of a gas leak. If you suspect you may have a gas leak or can smell gas, act straight away. Turn the heater off and call a licenced gas professional immediately.

Avoid hazards

Make sure your heater is placed in a suitable position in the room. Avoid placing a heater close to furniture or in a place it can be knocked over by children or pets. As tempting as it may be to hang clothes over your heater to dry or warm them, this is a serious hazard and should never be done.

Ensure adequate ventilation

Enduro Convector

Although the purpose of your heater is to keep a room warm, you should ensure there is adequate ventilation in the room you are heating. It may be nice to keep warmth in a small room, but the lack of air circulating can cause issues. Heaters have permanent ventilation openings and it is important to ensure these are also open and are not blocked.

Don’t use outdoor heaters indoors

Never use heaters designed for outdoor use inside your home. Doing so is extremely dangerous and extremely risky.

Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water and Gas can service your gas heater in Bunbury and the South West

Keep your house warm this winter with peace of mind your gas heater has been serviced. Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water and Gas are fully qualified licenced gas plumbers who are fully trained and experienced in servicing gas heaters. Known as the ‘trusted name in the plumbing industry’ the Mainline team are reliable and happy to answer any questions relating to any of your plumbing needs.

To book in your gas heater service or for any of your plumbing needs including hot water service and repairs call the team today on 9791 1608.

Some information are from Kleen Heat

Winter Plumbing Tips for Your Home in Bunbury and the South West

Winter plumbing

When it comes to our homes plumbing, it is often only when a problem occurs that we realise we can take for granted the convenience and luxury of having all facets of our homes plumbing functioning correctly. Plumbing problems can occur in all areas of the home, both indoors and outdoors, however the common culprits when it comes to plumbing issues are often taps, toilets, drains and hot water systems.

As a homeowner or tenant, we can all do our part to ensure our homes plumbing is in good working order. Read on to discover 5 winter plumbing tips for your home including:   

  • Use good quality washers in taps
  • Clear kitchen sinks and bathroom basins
  • Avoid foreign objects being flushed down toilets 
  • Choose a hot water unit for your households needs
  • Don’t ignore the sound of running water when no taps are on

Use good quality washers in taps

A dripping tap can be the result of a worn or faulty washer. A dripping tap wastes water and money so should not be ignored. Ensure washers are replaced regularly and use good quality washers. This winter plumbing tips is particularly important in outdoor taps to avoid cracks in the cold weather.

Clear kitchen sinks and bathroom basins

We tend to spend more time at home during winter which puts extra demand on plumbing. To help prevent blocked drains, wipe out kitchen sinks and bathroom basins regularly. A kitchen sink can become home to food scraps and cooking oils, all of these should not be washed down a sink. Hair is the most common culprit of blocked bathroom drains. Wipe out your bathroom basin daily to collect any loose strands of hair so they don’t make their way down the drain.

Avoid foreign objects being flushed down toilets 

More people at home during winter also puts extra demand on toilets. The only thing that should be flushed down toilets is toilet paper. Keep toilet lids closed when not being used and be on the lookout for water leaking or pooling near the base of your toilet.

Choose a hot water unit for your households needs

Rinnai Hot water system

Install a hot water system to cater for the needs of your household. A hot water system that is too large can waste energy and money. Be on the lookout for rust on your hot water system and if it’s more than 15 years old, it may be time to consider a replacement.

Don’t ignore the sound of running water when no taps are on

The sound of water running although no taps in your home are turned on is an issue to not ignore. Why? It can indicate a serious plumbing issue of a leaking or burst water pipe. The sooner you call a plumber to inspect and repair a leaking or burst pipe, the more water, extensive damage and money you will save.  

Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water and Gas are the ‘trusted name in the plumbing industry’ and available 24/7 in plumbing emergencies.

The team at Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water and Gas are only a call away to help with all your household plumbing needs in Bunbury and the South West. The Mainline team of plumbers have the knowledge and experience in all areas of plumbing and pride themselves on provide fast, effective and honest workmanship.

For a FREE quote on your plumbing needs, call the team on 9791 1608 in Bunbury or 9759 1317 in Busselton/Dunsborough

How to Save Water in Your South West Home

Wasted water

A home with fully functioning plumbing is a luxury we often take for granted. While keeping your homes plumbing in good working order ensures your family isn’t inconvenienced by a plumbing problem, it is important to understand how it can also help to save water. Conserving water is crucial, we don’t have an endless supply. Doing your part to save water around your home helps protect and preserve our environment, save energy, minimise the effect of water shortages and build safe communities. 

How can you save water in your South West home? Read on to learn 5 ways including:

  • Have Leaking Toilets Repaired
  • Reduce Shower Times
  • Fix Dripping Taps
  • Brush Your Teeth with the Tap Off
  • Be on the Lookout for Leaks around Appliances

Have Leaking Toilets Repaired

Fixing just 1 leaking toilet in your home can save around 9000 litres of water each year. How do you know your toilet is leaking? If your toilet continues to make noise for longer than a few minutes after being flushed, it likely there is water still running. Water pooling at the base of your toilet or on your toilet floor is also a sign of water leaking.

Reduce Shower Times

Shower

A long, hot shower on a cold winter’s morning, is the ideal way to start your day. While this is a luxury you can still enjoy, save water and save energy by reducing shower times to 4 minutes. This is something your whole household can do to all play their part to save water.

Fix Dripping Taps

A dripping tap may not appear to waste a large amount of water. Right? Wrong! A tap that drips just 10 times per minute adds up to 600 drips per hour and over 14,000 drips a day. This is equivalent to around 3 litres of water a day. The result, an unnecessary waste of water (and money!)

Brush Your Teeth with the Tap Off

Leaving the tap running while brushing your teeth is wasting water. Turn the tap off while brushing your teeth and turn back on to rinse your toothbrush and mouth after brushing. Remind yourself and others in your household to do this is by putting a small sign above your bathroom sink with a reminder to turn the tap off while brushing.

Be on the Lookout for Leaks around Appliances

Burst water pipe fix

Water leaking or pooling around appliances is a sure sign there is a water leak. Be on the lookout for leaks around appliances including dishwashers and washing machines. Move these away from the wall and check the floor behind for any signs of drips or leaks every few weeks. 

Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water and Gas are the trusted name in the plumbing industry for all your plumbing needs in the South West

The team at Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water and Gas are the ‘trusted name in the plumbing industry’ and offer fast, effective and honest workmanship for all your plumbing needs. If your homes plumbing is wasting water, call our team today to have it inspected and repaired.

Call the team on 9791 1608 in Bunbury or 9759 1317 in Busselton/Dunsborough today.

What Causes Water Pipes to Burst?

Burst Pipe

A burst water pipe is a common plumbing problem and an emergency plumbing issue that can’t wait to be repaired. If you find a burst water pipe at your property, it’s important to switch off the water at the mains and call in a professional plumber for help. When a water pipe bursts, the sooner you call a plumber the less water will be wasted and quite often the less extensive the repairs required too.

Many homeowners are left baffled when they have a water pipe burst as they were not even aware, they had a plumbing problem. What causes water pipes to burst? Read on to learn a few warning signs to look out for and common culprits including:

  • Unsecure Pipes
  • Water Pressure Problems
  • Corrosion Over Time

Unsecure Pipes

If you hear a loud clanging noise when turning taps on and off in your home, it normally means you have a plumbing problem. Water pipes lie within the wall cavities of your home and if these water pipes are not secure, they can begin to move around each time water is turned on and off. Over time, the movement of the pipes can weaken the joints, and what causes water pipes to burst.

Water Pressure Problems

To ensure water pipes function as they should, water pressure needs to be at a normal level. Too much water pressure can cause pipes and other plumbing fixtures to burst. A professional plumber can test the water pressure in pipes and if pressure is too high a pressure reducing valve can be fitted to adjust it back to the ideal level.

Corrosion Over Time 

Causes Water Pipes to Burst

A combination of iron oxide and other mineral deposits can build-up over time causing the inside of water pipes to gradually narrow. As this continues to occur, water is no longer able to escape through resulting in the water pipe eventually bursting.  

Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water and Gas are available 24/7 for plumbing emergencies

If you have a burst water pipe – call a plumber immediately.

Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water and Gas understand that plumbing emergencies can occur at any time of the day or night. For this reason, they provide a 24/7 emergency plumbing service to Bunbury, Busselton, Dunsborough and the South West.

If you think you may have a plumbing problem or would like your water pipes to be pressure tested, contact the team at Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water and Gas in Bunbury on 9791 1608 or Busselton/Dunsborough on 9759 1317 today.   

Who Can Repair my Hot Water System in Bunbury and the South West?

Hot water by Mainline

Autumn is in the air in the South West. While the days may still be warm and sunny, the temperature is dropping overnight and early mornings. Water is a resource most of us take for granted and hot water a luxury most homes and businesses can’t do without. As the weather continues to cool down, starting the day with a cold shower is not the ideal way to begin the day.

To ensure your hot water system is in good working order, it’s important to have it inspected and repaired regularly. How do you know it’s time to have your hot water system inspected and repaired? Read on to learn a few signs including:

  • Your hot water doesn’t stay hot
  • Unusual noises coming from your hot water system
  • Water leaking or pooling below or near your hot water system

Your hot water doesn’t stay hot

For many households, the first noticeable sign the hot water system needs repairing is your hot water doesn’t stay hot or is only lukewarm (or worse still cold!) Whether your hot water system is solar, electric or gas, they function in the same way in as they heat water, minerals separate and over time cause residue to build-up. The more residue, the harder your hot water system must work to keep your hot water at the right temperature.

Unusual noises coming from your hot water system

Have you noticed strange noises coming from your hot water system? Turning on your hot water tap to be greeted by out of the ordinary noises are a warning sign your hot water system needs inspecting. Don’t dismiss these out of the ordinary noises as if left, they can result in further damage needing more extensive repairs.

Water leaking or pooling below or near your hot water system

Rinnai Hot water system

To regulate pressure in the water tank, ensuring it doesn’t over pressurise, hot water systems can release a small amount of water. This is normally more evident on hot days. However, if your hot water system releases more than the occasional drip or there is water leaking or pooling below or near your hot water system, this is a warning sign it needs repairing. If not repaired, a snowball effect can occur, residue can continue to build, resulting in corrosion, resulting in small cracks to appear, resulting in water leaking from your hot water system.

Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water and Gas are your Bunbury and South West hot water specialist

The team at Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water and Gas know the hot water industry like the back of our hands, with the correct knowledge and experience to help you find the right unit based on your home, family size and lifestyle.

With over 35 years’ experience, Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water and Gas are your trusted and reliable professionals, servicing Bunbury, Busselton, Dunsborough and surrounding areas. Having your hot water system regularly inspected and maintained can help prevent replacing your hot water system ahead of time.

Contact the team today in Bunbury on 9791 1608 or Busselton/Dunsborough on 9759 1317.

Why Does My Toilet Keep Blocking?

Toilet Problems

A blocked toilet is one of the most common household plumbing issues. If your toilet keeps blocking and you are at a loss as to why, it can be surprising to learn the cause. A blocked toilet is a problem that needs to be inspected and repaired. If your toilet keeps blocking, it’s time to call the team from Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water and Gas.

The Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water and Gas team can help find the cause of your blocked toilet. Common causes include:

  • Age
  • Foreign Objects
  • Sewerage Issues

Age

If your toilet continues to block and you have ruled out all the other possible reasons why, it may be time to replace it with a more up to date model. Many older toilets are first generation low flow toilets and don’t have enough pressure when flushed to effectively clear their drain and trap. As a result, despite doing everything right they still regularly become blocked.

Foreign Objects

Toilets are designed to only flush toilet paper. Why? Toilet paper is made to dissolve quickly in water. Any other object, even if it says it’s flushable, should not be flushed down toilets. Recurring blocked toilets in a home can simply be as foreign objects unknowingly continue to be flushed. Items such as tissues, paper towel, cotton tips, flushable wipes, food scraps, cooking oils and chemicals should not be flushed down a toilet. It is important to ensure all your family understands this too. Children are fascinated with flushing items down the toilet. If you have an inquisitive child in your home, keeping the toilet lid shut and toilet door shut is a good idea.

Sewerage Issues

Sewerage

If several toilets in your home or workplace continue to block or you have blocked drains plus a blocked toilet, a sewerage issue may be the culprit. Main sewer lines can become blocked due to a build up of waste, foreign objects or even tree roots in the main drain and sewer lines.

Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water are your local toilet specialists

With over 35 years’ experience, Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water and Gas are your trusted and reliable professionals, servicing the Bunbury, Busselton, Dunsborough and surrounding areas.

Mainline have the correct tools and equipment to clear and repair blocked toilets. If you want to get to resolve your blocked toilet issues, they are ‘the trusted name in the plumbing industry’.

Contact the team today in Bunbury on Bunbury on 9791 1608 or Busselton/Dunsborough on 9759 1317.

My Water Pressure is Low – What Do I Do?

Shower

Water is a precious resource many take for granted and it’s often only when there is an issue we realise how dependable on it we actually are.  Low water pressure is an issue most homeowners face at some stage. Daily activities like showering and watering the garden become frustrating and time consuming, leaving homeowners frustrated until the issue’s resolved. 

There are many culprits when it comes to the cause of low water pressure. No matter the reason, it’s an issue best left to the professionals at Mainline Plumbing Cheap Hot Water and Gas to investigate and repair.

3 of the most common causes of low water pressure include:   

  • A Build Up In Pipes
  • Plumbing Leaks
  • Corrosion

A Build Up In Pipes

A fractured water main can cause sand and dirt to freely enter your homes piping causing water pressure issues. Even without a fracture, minerals naturally found in water, build up and leave deposits as water flows through pipes. It only takes a small amount of sediment to cause a blockage. Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water and Gas have the correct equipment and tools to manoeuvre deep down into pipes to investigate and clear blockages, allowing water to freely flow again.

Plumbing Leaks

Burst Pipe

A costly water bill and low water pressure are good indicators there is a plumbing leak somewhere in your home. Some leaks are easier to detect than others. A leaking toilet can often be identified as the sound of water running can still be heard after the toilet has been flushed, while an outdoor leak is often visible by water pooling in a certain area.

To test for a plumbing leak, shut off your water supply and record your water metre reading. Come back an hour later and see if the metre reading has changed. If the water usage has risen, there’s a good chance you have a plumbing leak and are in need of a plumber.

Corrosion

Plumbing piping is built to last with most homes getting more than 20 years out of their pipes. Despite this timeframe, corrosion still naturally occurs and begins to build up over time. Although each case is assessed individually, often replacing the pipes is the best solution.  

Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water – the trusted name in the plumbing industry

With over 35 years’ experience, Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water and Gas are your trusted and reliable professionals, servicing the Bunbury, Busselton, Dunsborough and surrounding areas. The team are fully equipped to investigate and repair all aspects of plumbing plus hot water and gas. Contact the team today in Bunbury on 9791 1608 or Busselton and Dunsborough on 9759 1317.

«< 3 4 5 6 7 >»

Free Quotes

Call Mainline Plumbing and
Cheap Hot Water and Gas on
08 9791 1608 for a free quote


Online Booking powered by ServiceM8 Online Booking powered by ServiceM8

Recent Posts

  • Household Tips to Prevent Blocked Drains
  • Water Tasting Funny? You Might Need A Filtration System
  • What Causes a Water Stain to Appear on a Wall?
  • How Long Should a Hot Water System Last?
  • Where Can I Find a Plumber in Bunbury?

Categories

  • Emergency Plumbing Over Christmas
  • Garden Irrigation
  • Gas Fitters
  • Hot Water
  • Licensed Gas Fitter
  • Mainline Plumbing & Cheap Hot Water & Gas
  • Mainline Plumbing Bunbury
  • Plumbers
  • Professional Gas Fitters
  • Sewer Conversion
  • Sewerage Pipe
  • Water Saving Tips
Mainline Plumbing

↑

  • Home
  • Hot Water
  • Plumbing
  • Gas
  • Testimonials
  • About Us
  • Blog
  • Privacy Policy
  • Contact
Copyright © Mainline Plumbing and Cheap Hot Water and Gas 08 9791 1608 144 Forrest Ave Bunbury 6230 and Dunsborough 08 9759 1317
Website by CATCO Enterprises